LaTeX常用符号整理¶

希腊字母¶

Name	Display	Capital Case	Display	Var Case	Display
`\alpha`	\(\alpha\)	`A`	\(A\)
`\beta`	\(\beta\)	`B`	\(B\)
`\gamma`	\(\gamma\)	`\Gamma`	\(\Gamma\)
`\theta`	\(\theta\)	`\Theta`	\(\Theta\)	`\vartheta`	\(\vartheta\)
`\mu`	\(\mu\)	`M`	\(M\)
`\delta`	\(\delta\)	`\Delta`	\(\Delta\)
`\epsilon`	\(\epsilon\)	`E`	\(E\)	`\varepsilon`	\(\varepsilon\)
`\sigma`	\(\sigma\)	`\Sigma`	\(\Sigma\)	`\varsigma`	\(\varsigma\)
`\pi`	\(\pi\)	`\Pi`	\(\Pi\)	`\varpi`	\(\varpi\)
`\omega`	\(\omega\)	`\Omega`	\(\Omega\)
`\xi`	\(\xi\)	`\Xi`	\(\Xi\)
`\zeta`	\(\zeta\)	`Z`	\(Z\)
`\chi`	\(\chi\)	`X`	\(X\)
`\rho`	\(\rho\)	`P`	\(P\)	`\varrho`	\(\varrho\)
`\phi`	\(\phi\)	`\Phi`	\(\Phi\)	`\varphi`	\(\varphi\)
`\eta`	\(\eta\)	`H`	\(H\)
`\lambda`	\(\lambda\)	`\Lambda`	\(\Lambda\)
`\kappa`	\(\kappa\)	`K`	\(K\)
`\nu`	\(\nu\)	`N`	\(N\)
`\upsilon`	\(\upsilon\)	`\Upsilon`	\(\Upsilon\)
`\psi`	\(\psi\)	`\Psi`	\(\Psi\)
`\tau`	\(\tau\)	`T`	\(T\)
`\iota`	\(\iota\)	`I`	\(I\)
`\omicron`	\(\omicron\)	`O`	\(O\)

有代码的大写希腊字母，直接敲获得正体，使用\var前缀转化为斜体

如：\Gamma \(\Gamma\)（正） \varGamma \(\varGamma\)（斜）

没有代码的大写希腊字母，直接敲得斜体，使用\text命令转化为正体

如：T \(T\)直接敲（斜） \text T \(\text T\)（正）

（也可以使用\rm将下一个单词变正，\text T的作用范围只是下一个字母；可以尝试加{}）

运算¶

微分与导数正体¶

Type	Typeset
`\mathrm{d}`	\(\mathrm{d}\)
`\mathrm{d}x`	\(\mathrm{d}x\)
`\mathrm{d}y`	\(\mathrm{d}y\)

简单运算¶

Type	Typeset
`+`	\(+\)
`-`	\(-\)
`\pm`	\(\pm\)
`\mp`	\(\mp\)
`\times`	\(\times\)
`\cdot`	\(\cdot\)
`\div`	\(\div\)
`\bmod`	\(\bmod\)
`\cap`	\(\cap\)
`\cup`	\(\cup\)
`\wedge` `\land`	\(\land\)
`\vee` `\lor`	\(\lor\)
`\ast`	\(\ast\)
`\det`	\(\det\)

复杂运算¶

Type	Typeset
`\sqrt{abc}`	\(\sqrt{abc}\)
`\sqrt[n]{abc}`	\(\sqrt[n]{abc}\)
`\frac{abc}{xyz}`	\(\frac{abc}{xyz}\)
`\int_{a}^{b}`	\(\int_{a}^{b}\)
`\iiint_{a}^{b}`	\(\iiint_{a}^{b}\)
`\oint_{a}^{b}`	\(\oint_{a}^{b}\)
`\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x}`	\(\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x}\)
`\frac{\mathrm{d}^{n} y}{\mathrm{d} x^{n}}`	\(\frac{\mathrm{d}^{n} y}{\mathrm{d} x^{n}}\)
`\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}`	\(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\)
`\frac{\partial ^{n} f}{\partial x^{n}}`	\(\frac{\partial ^{n} f}{\partial x^{n}}\)
`\sum_{i=1}^{n}`	\(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\)
`\prod_{i=1}^{n}`	\(\prod_{i=1}^{n}\)
`\bigcap_{i=1}^{n}`	\(\bigcap_{i=1}^{n}\)
`\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}`	\(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}\)

(想要让角标出现在正上和正下方，使用块级公式而不是行内公式)

函数¶

Type	Typeset
`\arccos`	\(\arccos\)
`\arcsin`	\(\arcsin\)
`\arctan`	\(\arctan\)
`\arg`	\(\arg\)
`\cos`	\(\cos\)
`\cosh`	\(\cosh\)
`\cot`	\(\cot\)
`\coth`	\(\coth\)
`\csc`	\(\csc\)
`\deg`	\(\deg\)
`\dim`	\(\dim\)
`\exp`	\(\exp\)
`\gcd`	\(\gcd\)
`\hom`	\(\hom\)
`\ker`	\(\ker\)
`\lg`	\(\lg\)
`\liminf`	\(\liminf\)
`\limsup`	\(\limsup\)
`\ln`	\(\ln\)
`\log`	\(\log\)
`\Pr`	\(\Pr\)
`\sec`	\(\sec\)
`\sin`	\(\sin\)
`\sinh`	\(\sinh\)
`\tan`	\(\tan\)
`\tanh`	\(\tanh\)

自定义算子¶

Type	Typeset
`\operatorname{diag}`	\(\operatorname{diag}\)
`\operatorname{rank}`	\(\operatorname{rank}\)
`\operatorname{tr}`	\(\operatorname{tr}\)
`\operatorname{Var}`	\(\operatorname{Var}\)
`\operatorname{Cov}`	\(\operatorname{Cov}\)
`\operatorname{sgn}`	\(\operatorname{sgn}\)

极限运算符¶

Type	Typeset
`\lim`	\(\lim\)
`\inf`	\(\inf\)
`\sup`	\(\sup\)
`\min`	\(\min\)
`\max`	\(\max\)

符号¶

一些键盘上可直接敲出的符号，前面加\即可。

如：\% \(\to \%\) \_ \(\to \_\)

点缀¶

Type	Typeset
`a^2`	\(a^2\)
`a_1`	\(a_1\)
`\bar{a}`	\(\bar{a}\)
`\dot{a}`	\(\dot{a}\)
`\ddot{a}`	\(\ddot{a}\)
`\vec{a}`	\(\vec{a}\)
`\hat{a}`	\(\hat{a}\)
`\tilde{a}`	\(\tilde{a}\)
`\mathring{a}`	\(\mathring{a}\)
`f^{''}`	\(f^{''}\)
`90^\circ`	\(90^\circ\)
`\overset{\frown}\psi`	\(\overset{\frown}\psi\)
`\overset{?}{=}`	\(\overset{?}{=}\)
`\overset{ping}{拼}\overset{yin}{音}`	\(\overset{ping}{拼}\overset{yin}{音}\)
`\overset{はい}{入}る`	\(\overset{はい}{入}る\)
`\underset{t\in R}{max}`	\(\underset{t\in R}{max}\)

二元关系¶

Type	Typeset
`<`	\(<\)
`>`	\(>\)
`\le`	\(\le\)
`\ge`	\(\ge\)
`\leqslant`	\(\leqslant\)
`\geqslant`	\(\geqslant\)
`=`	\(=\)
`\ne`	\(\ne\)
`:`	\(:\)
`\in`	\(\in\)
`\notin`	\(\notin\)
`\ni` `\owns`	\(\ni\)
`\ll`	\(\ll\)
`\gg`	\(\gg\)
`\sim`	\(\sim\)
`\approx`	\(\approx\)
`\cong`	\(\cong\)
`\equiv`	\(\equiv\)
`\subset`	\(\subset\)
`\supset`	\(\supset\)
`\subseteq`	\(\subseteq\)
`\subseteqq`	\(\subseteqq\)
`\subsetneq`	\(\subsetneq\)
`\subsetneqq`	\(\subsetneqq\)
`\supseteq`	\(\supseteq\)
`\supseteqq`	\(\supseteqq\)
`\supsetneq`	\(\supsetneq\)
`\supsetneqq`	\(\supsetneqq\)
`\perp`	\(\perp\)
`\parallel`	\(\parallel\)
`\mid`	\(\mid\)
`\propto`	\(\propto\)
`\oplus`	\(\oplus\)
`\ominus`	\(\ominus\)
`\odot`	\(\odot\)
`\oslash`	\(\oslash\)
`\otimes`	\(\otimes\)
`\vdash`	\(\vdash\)
`\dashv`	\(\dashv\)
`\models`	\(\models\)
`\not<`	\(\not<\)
`\not=`	\(\not=\)

Miscellaneous Symbols¶

Type	Typeset
`\therefore`	\(\therefore\)
`\because`	\(\because\)
`\ell`	\(\ell\)
`\partial`	\(\partial\)
`\infty`	\(\infty\)
`\varnothing` `\emptyset`	\(\emptyset\)
`\forall`	\(\forall\)
`\exists`	\(\exists\)
`\nexists`	\(\nexists\)
`\triangle`	\(\triangle\)
`\angle`	\(\angle\)
`\surd`	\(\surd\)
`\nabla`	\(\nabla\)
`\hbar`	\(\hbar\)
`\aleph`	\(\aleph\)
`\Re`	\(\Re\)
`\Im`	\(\Im\)
`\wp`	\(\wp\)
`\ldots`	\(\ldots\)
`\cdots`	\(\cdots\)
`\vdots`	\(\vdots\)
`\ddots`	\(\ddots\)
`\dots`	\(\dots\)
`\dotsc`	\(\dotsc\)
`\dotsb`	\(\dotsb\)
`\dotsm`	\(\dotsm\)
`\S`	\(\S\)

其他¶

Type	Typeset
`\mathbb{R}`	\(\mathbb{R}\)
`\mathbb{C}`	\(\mathbb{C}\)
`\mathbb{N}`	\(\mathbb{N}\)
`\mathbb{Z}`	\(\mathbb{Z}\)
`\mathbb{Q}`	\(\mathbb{Q}\)
`\mathbb{P}`	\(\mathbb{P}\)
`\mathbb{H}`	\(\mathbb{H}\)
`\spadesuit`	\(\spadesuit\)
`\heartsuit`	\(\heartsuit\)
`\diamondsuit`	\(\diamondsuit\)
`\clubsuit`	\(\clubsuit\)

箭头¶

Type	Typeset
`\to` `\rightarrow`	\(\to\)
`\leftarrow`	\(\leftarrow\)
`\Rightarrow`	\(\Rightarrow\)
`\Leftarrow`	\(\Leftarrow\)
`\Longrightarrow`	\(\Longrightarrow\)
`\Longleftarrow`	\(\Longleftarrow\)
`\Leftrightarrow`	\(\Leftrightarrow\)
`\iff` `\Longleftrightarrow`	\(\iff\)

包裹结构¶

Type	Typeset
`\overrightarrow{AB}`	\(\overrightarrow{AB}\)
`\overline{AB}`	\(\overline{AB}\)
`\underline{abc}`	\(\underline{abc}\)
`\tilde{abc}`	\(\tilde{abc}\)
`\widetilde{abc}`	\(\widetilde{abc}\)
`\overbrace{abc}`	\(\overbrace{abc}\)
`\underbrace{abc}`	\(\underbrace{abc}\)

括号¶

普通括号¶

Type	Typeset
`(` `)`	\((\quad)\)
`[` `]`	\([\quad]\)
`\lbrace` `\rbrace`	\(\lbrace\quad\rbrace\)
`\langle` `\rangle`	\(\langle\quad\rangle\)

使用\left \(和\right \}打出大的包裹括号. 用.代替括号可以空出来一半的括号

绝对值/范数¶

Type	Typeset
`\left\lvert a \right\rvert`	\(\left\lvert a \right\rvert\)
`\left\lVert \vec{a} \right\rVert`	\(\left\lVert \vec{a} \right\rVert\)
`\left\lfloor a \right\rfloor`	\(\left\lfloor a \right\rfloor\)
`\left\lceil a \right\rceil`	\(\left\lceil a \right\rceil\)
`\operatorname{abs}(a)`	\(\operatorname{abs}(a)\)

注意：\lvert / \rvert / \lVert / \rVert 需要 amsmath 宏包。直接写 | 或 \| 间距不对，且左右无法区分。

\lfloor \rfloor 下取整；\lceil \rceil 上取整。

手动缩放定界符¶

当 \left \right 自动缩放不满足需求时：

Type	Typeset
`\big( a \big)`	\(\big( a \big)\)
`\Big( a \Big)`	\(\Big( a \Big)\)
`\bigg( a \bigg)`	\(\bigg( a \bigg)\)
`\Bigg( a \Bigg)`	\(\Bigg( a \Bigg)\)

左缩放左括号用 \bigl，右括号用 \bigr（如 \bigl( \bigr)），可获得正确间距。

向量¶

Type	Typeset
`\begin{matrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{matrix}`	\(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\)
`\begin{pmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{pmatrix}`	\(\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}\)
`\begin{bmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{bmatrix}`	\(\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}\)
`\begin{Bmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{Bmatrix}`	\(\begin{Bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{Bmatrix}\)
`\begin{vmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{vmatrix}`	\(\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}\)
`\begin{Vmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{Vmatrix}`	\(\begin{Vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{Vmatrix}\)

两侧括号也可以用 \left \right+括号来包裹

增广矩阵

\left[
    \begin{array}{cc|c}
      1 & 2 & 3 \\
      4 & 5 & 6
    \end{array}
\right]

\[ \left[ \begin{array}{cc|c} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{array} \right] \]

数组与对齐¶

Type	Typeset
`\begin{cases} x>0 \\ x\le 0 \end{cases}`	\(\begin{cases} x>0 \\ x\le 0 \end{cases}\)
`\begin{aligned} a&=b \\ c&=d \end{aligned}`	\(\begin{aligned} a&=b \\ c&=d \end{aligned}\)
`\begin{align} a&=b \\ c&=d \end{align}`	\(\begin{align} a&=b \\ c&=d \end{align}\)

更多左对齐：

f(x) =
\begin{cases}
x,  & x \ge 0 \\
-x, & x < 0
\end{cases}

\[ f(x) = \begin{cases} x, & x \ge 0 \\ -x, & x < 0 \end{cases} \]

公式中插入文字¶

\text{} 命令可以在公式中插入正常字体文字

Type	Typeset
`\text{若} x>0`	\(\text{若} x>0\)
`\text{当 } n\to\infty`	\(\text{当 } n\to\infty\)
`\text{max}`	\(\text{max}\)

方程组¶

\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
    a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_n=b_1 \\
    a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_n=b_2 \\
    \vdots \\
    a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_n=b_n
\end{array}
\right.

\[ \left\{ \begin{array}{c} a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_n=b_1 \\ a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_n=b_2 \\ \vdots \\ a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_n=b_n \end{array} \right. \]

文档布局¶

空格¶

Name	Type	Typeset
	`aa`	\(aa\)
interword space	`a\ a`	\(a\ a\)
1 em	`a\quad a`	\(a\quad a\)
2 em	`a\qquad a`	\(a\qquad a\)
thinspace (3/18 em)	`a\,a`	\(a\,a\)
medspace (4/18 em)	`a\:a`	\(a\:a\)
thickspace (5/18 em)	`a\;a`	\(a\;a\)
normal space	`a\ b`	\(a\ b\)

紧缩¶

Name	Type	Typeset
	`aa`	\(aa\)
thinspace	`a\!a`	\(a\!a\)
medspcae	`a\negmedspace a`	\(a\negmedspace a\)
thickspace	`a\negthickspace a`	\(a\negthickspace a\)

字号¶

Type	Typeset
`text`	\(text\)
`\tiny text`	\(\tiny text\)
`\small text`	\(\small text\)
`\normalsize text`	\(\normalsize text\)
`\large text`	\(\large text\)
`\huge text`	\(\huge text\)

字体¶

Type	Typeset
`\mathbf{A}`	\(\mathbf{A}\)
`\mathcal{A}`	\(\mathcal{A}\)
`\mathit{A}`	\(\mathit{A}\)
`\mathrm{A}`	\(\mathrm{A}\)
`\mathsf{A}`	\(\mathsf{A}\)
`\mathtt{A}`	\(\mathtt{A}\)
`\mathbb{A}`	\(\mathbb{A}\)
`\mathfrak{A}`	\(\mathfrak{A}\)
`\mathscr{A}`	\(\mathscr{A}\)

参考资料¶

百度文库 | Latex符号对应表

百度文库 | LaTeX Symbols符号

CSDN | Markdown中Latex 数学公式基本语法

CSDN | 最全 Markdown + Latex 编写技巧

CSDN | LaTeX数学符号总结

简书 | LaTeX 导数相关符号